There are three types of universities in Spain: private, state, and spiritual. State universities are the most numerous and sponsored by the government, whereas private universities get support from commercial organizations. Spiritual universities are under the patronage of churches.
Each university in Spain is autonomous and has its own curriculum that must be approved by the Spanish commission of universities. Tuition fees differ depending on the university.
There are three levels of higher education in Spain.
- First level - Grado - bachelor’s
- Second level - Master - Master’s
- Third level - Doctorado - Ph.D.
Bachelor’s programs usually last for 4 years, except for Medicine (6 years), Veterinary (5 years), and Architecture (5 years + project work). To obtain a bachelor’s degree, one must successfully complete internship credits, gain 240 ECTS credits, and defend a thesis.
The ECTS is a credit taken at higher education institutions in the countries, members of the Bologna Process. The ECTS allows credits taken at one university to be counted towards a qualification studied at another. This enables student mobility all around Europe. In Spain, 1 ECTS credit is equivalent to 25 working hours.
Master’s programs usually last for 1-2 years and are mandatory for building a career in Law, Education, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering. To be admitted to a master’s program, one must obtain a bachelor’s degree and pass entry exams. To get a master’s degree, one must gain 60 to 120 credits, complete all theoretical and practical courses, and complete internship credits.
The highest level of education is Ph.D. Ph.D. programs last for 3-6 years. Students who obtained a Ph.D. degree can engage in research and teaching activities.